Next will be Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC):
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) (spongy myocardium or foetal myocardium) represents an arrest in the normal process of myocardial compaction, the final stage of myocardial morphogenesis, resulting in persistence of many prominent ventricular trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses.
Whether left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a distinct cardiomyopathy or a morphologic trait shared by different cardiomyopathies remains controversial.
Aetiology of LVNC:
Left ventricular non-compaction is predominantly a genetic cardiomyopathy with variable presentation, ranging from asymptomatic to severe, and has mostly an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.
Mutations in the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide channel 4(HNC4) that results in bradycardia and LV noncompaction with or without mitral valve prolapse,and the RYR2 gene that causes CPVT, have also been associated with non-compaction.
Sporadic forms also exist.