Anticoagulation in AF is either oral anticoagulants or none .Aspirin has no role in AF therapy

Anticoagulation in AF is either oral anticoagulants or none .Aspirin has no role in AF therapy .

Warfarin associated skin necrosis is due to early procoagulant state as a result of protein C deficiency .Overlap with heparin prevents this risk.

Warfarin is metabolised by CYP 2C9 .Enzyme inhibitors like Quinolones and Azole products increase bleeding risk , while inducers like Carbamazepine or Gresiofulvin (antifungal) reduce efficacy .

AF in valvular heart disease is treated only with warfarin .No role for NOAC