Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a peripheral neuropathy caused by chronic or acute compression of the median nerve by the transverse carpal ligament. It is characterized by both sensory disturbances (pain, tingling, and numbness) and motor symptoms (weakness and clumsiness of the thumb) in the area innervated by the median nerve distal to the carpal tunnel. Several occupational and non-occupational risk factors (e.g., manual labor, age, sex, diabetes) have been associated with the syndrome. The presence of clinical symptoms and signs of CTS (e.g., the hand elevation test, carpal compression test, and Phalen’s test) should raise suspicion, but diagnosis must be confirmed with specific neurological tests (e.g., EMG, ENG). Conservative management (i.e., immobilization with a splint, local steroid injections, and ultrasound therapy) may be effective in patients who only experience mild to moderate symptoms. Surgical release of the transverse carpal ligament with decompression of the median nerve is indicated in acute cases or patients with moderate to severe symptoms (atrophy of the thenar eminence)