Clinical pearls of:syringe: 
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE :
Adults with suspected asthma should have both a FeNO test & spirometry with reversibility
IV Salbutamol is often reserved for patients in whom the inhaled route cannot be used
Peak expiratory flow is of no value in the diagnosis of COPD
LTOT=> pO2 <7.3kPa
In COPD for using ICS => Reduced exacerbation
When managing patients with COPD, once the pCO2 is known to be normal the target O2 saturation should be 94-98%
Haemophilus Influenzae is the most common cause of Infective exacerbations of COPD
The lifetime risk of developing a Pneumothorax in healthy smoking is around 10% compared with around 0.1% in non-smoker.
Pleural fluid pH <7.2 in patients with suspected pleural infection indicates a need for CHEST TUBE DRAINAGE
Flu like symptoms, Bilateral consolidation & Erythema multiforme=> Mycoplasma
Pseudomonus aeroginosa is a common pathogen in Bronchiectasis & Cystic_fibrosis
Staph. aureus is often seen in IVDU,young.
EAA symptoms is within 4-6hrs
PCV= 
Pneumothorax most common complications
TLCO = KCO into Alveolar volume
Asbestosis=> Lower zone
Silicosis=> upper zone
Sarcoidosis mainly cause Hypercalcemia THROUGH forming increased concentration of calcitriol, the active component of Vitamin-D
Heerfordt syndrome => subset of Sarcoidosis
Triad of🌟
- Parotid enlargement
2)Fever
3)Anterior Uveitis
Loffler’s Syndrome => Ascaris lumbricoides
CF= A. recessive
50%=> carrier (Heterozygous)
25%=> Disease (Homozygous)
Recurrent chest infection + Subfertility => Primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome
Temporary risk factor for a thromboembolic event => 3 months anticoagulation
No transient risk factor => 6 months
Contraindication to lung cancer surgery :
FEV1 <1.5
SVC obstruction
Massive pleural effusion
Vocal cord paralysis
Hyponatremia => Small CLC
HACE=> Descent + Dexamethasone(Rx)
HAPE=> Descent, O2, Nifedipine, Acetazolamide.
HHT- A.Dominant