Compartment Syndrome

Medicoman · October 9, 2019, 10:25am

Compartment syndrome is a painful condition that occurs when pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels. This pressure can decrease blood flow, which prevents nourishment and oxygen from reaching nerve and muscle cells.

Compartment syndrome can be either acute or chronic.

Acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency. It is usually caused by a severe injury. Without treatment, it can lead to permanent muscle damage.

Chronic compartment syndrome, also known as exertional compartment syndrome, is usually not a medical emergency. It is most often caused by athletic exertion.

Case :

An infusion of 5% dextrose with 10% calcium gluconate was administered intravenously into the right hand of a newborn of gestational age 34.3 weeks and weighing 1.6 kg. After four hours, an extravasation was noted. The line was removed, and a cold pack applied to the elevated arm. At 18 hours, the hand turned blue and became swollen with blisters.⇑ Emergency fasciotomy was performed twice for decompression. The fingers were treated with glyceryl trinitrate (Nitroderm-TTS-5), and lesions were treated with an antimicrobial dressing (Acticoat) and wet with water every three hours. The hand wounds and function recovered completely. This type of iatrogenic damage is rare in newborns, but urgent evaluation for surgical decompressing fasciotomy could be limb saving.

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