Ebstein's anomaly is seen with intake of –

Ebstein’s anomaly is seen with intake of –

  1. Mercury

  2. Copper

  3. Lithium4) Lead

Explanatiom

  • Teratogenic cardiovascular defects of lithium → Ebsteins anomaly, Tricuspid atresia

Etiology of CHD

  • The etiology of the majority of CHDs is not known.
  • In less than 10% of cases the cause and effect relationship has been estabilished.
  • Both environmental and hereditary factors play a role in the etiology of CHDs.
  1. Hereditary factors
  • A higher incidence of CHD in siblings suggests heredity as an important factor.
  • The strongest familial tendency is known in AST associated with bony abnormalities (Holt oram syndrome)
  • Other hereditary conditions have been mentioned in subsequent explanations.
  1. Environmental factors
  • Those who have an inherited tendency, develop CHD due to unfavorable environmental factors
  • Of these the most well known is high altitude → There is higher incidence of PDA and ASD in children born at a high altitude.
  • Other important environmental factors are : -