Ebstein’s anomaly is seen with intake of –
-
Mercury
-
Copper
-
Lithium4) Lead
Explanatiom
- Teratogenic cardiovascular defects of lithium → Ebsteins anomaly, Tricuspid atresia
Etiology of CHD
- The etiology of the majority of CHDs is not known.
- In less than 10% of cases the cause and effect relationship has been estabilished.
- Both environmental and hereditary factors play a role in the etiology of CHDs.
- Hereditary factors
- A higher incidence of CHD in siblings suggests heredity as an important factor.
- The strongest familial tendency is known in AST associated with bony abnormalities (Holt oram syndrome)
- Other hereditary conditions have been mentioned in subsequent explanations.
- Environmental factors
- Those who have an inherited tendency, develop CHD due to unfavorable environmental factors
- Of these the most well known is high altitude → There is higher incidence of PDA and ASD in children born at a high altitude.
- Other important environmental factors are : -