Following figure shows specific shows type of retinal hemorrhag seen in hypertensive patients. It is seen in which layer of retina
1.Nerve fibre layer
2.Ganglion cell layer
3.Inner plexiform layer
4.Retinal pigment epithelium
Solution
Flame-shaped hemeorrhages
Increased venous back pressure and the hypoxia of venous stas4s cause widespread retinal hemeorrhages. The hemeorrhages aIong side the veins have a feather-like shape because they lie between the ganglion cell axons in the retinas most superficial layer. They are so numerous that some people call this the “tomato catsup fundus”.
Dot-blot hemorrhages look small and round because they occur in the deep, longitudinally-oriented cell layers of the retina.
This contrasts with the flame hemeorrhages & of hypertension that occur within the superficial ganglion nerve layer, and thus spread horizontally.
Cotton-wool spots, seen with hypertension and stasis, are gray spots with soft edges that indicate ischemia/infarction of the superficial retinal nerve fibers.
FLAME SHAPED = GANGLION CELL LAYER
COTTON WOOL SPOT = NERVE FIBRE LAYER