Oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelin production in the CNS

Oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelin production in the CNS.

Schwann cells are responsible for myelin production in the PNS

Oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelination of axons in the central nervous system. One oligodendrocyte can be responsible for myelinating up to 50 axons. They are commonly confused with Schwann cells, which are responsible for myelinating axons in the peripheral nervous system.

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system - oligodendrocytes are affected.

Microglia are specialised phagocytes of the CNS. Astrocytes provide structural support and remove excess potassium ions from extracellular space.
Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain.