True about Apoptosis are all except-

NEET PG Pathology
#1

True about Apoptosis are all except-

    1. Inflammation is present
    1. Chromosomal breakage
    1. Clumping of chromatin
    1. Cell shrinkage

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EXP:

  • In apoptosis there is no inflammation. Why is it so ? Lets see.

  • In apoptosis the cell membrane remains intact, so that intracellular contents do not leak out to induce inflammatory response.

  • The most efficient mechanism that prevent inflammation is phagocytosis of apoptotic cells or apoptotic body by macrophage without release of proinflammatory cellular components.
    Mechanism of phagocytosis of apoptotic cell

  • Normally phosphatidyl serine is located on the inner (cytosolic) surface of plasma membrane.

  • In apoptotic cell this phosphatidylserine is translocated to the outer (extracellular) surface of plasma membrane by scrumplase.

  • Some times thrombospondin is also expressed on the surface of apoptosis bodies.

  • These alterations permit the early recognition of apoptotic cells by macrophages, resulting in phagocytosis without the release of proinflammatory cellular components.

  • The process of apoptotic cells is so efficient that dead cells disappear without leaving a trace and inflammation is virtually absent.
    In Contrast, there is inflammation in necrosis

  • In necrosis there is disruption of cell membrane —> cellular components leak out and induce inflammatory response.
    Processes of disposal of cellular debris whose results do not damage the organism, differentiate apoptosis from necrosis.
    Differtiating features of apoptosis and necrosis

  • Apoptosis

    • Death of a single cell

    • Cell size decreases (Shrinkage)

    • Plasma membrane intact

    • Lysosomal and other organelles remain intact

    • Cellular contents do not leak out

    • Adjacent inflammation absent

    • In early stage require protein synthesis

    • Active process : - Energy dependent

    • May be pathological or physiological Necrosis

    • Death of many contiguous cells (usually)

    • Increased cell size (swelling)

    • Disruption of plasma membrane

    • Lysosomal breakdown with release of hydro] ases

    • Cellular contents leak out.

    • Adjacent inflammation persent.

    • ↓ Protein synthesis

    • Passive process : - Not energy dependent

    • Always pathological