Q-111. Referred otalgia is due to
a) Carcinoma larynx
b) Carcinoma oral cavity
c) Carcinoma tongue
d) All of above
Answer: All of above
Explanation:
Referred otalgia:
Pain is referred via CN V (Teeth, oral cavity, TM joint, anterior two third of tongue), CN IX (Tonsil, base of tongue and elongated styloid process), CN X (Vallecula, epiglottis, larynx, Laryngo-pharynx) and C2-3 (Cervical spine).
Q-112. Features of iron deficiency anemia and dysphagia in a young female suggest
a) Treacher Collins syndrome
b) Edward’s syndrome
c) Paterson Kelly brown syndrome
d) None
Answer: Paterson Kelly brown syndrome
Explanation:
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (also known as the Paterson-Brown-Kelly syndrome) predisposes to post cricoid carcinoma and consists of following features:
Dysphagia
Iron-deficiency anemia
Glossitis and angular stomatitis
Koilonychias (Spooning of nails)
Achlorhydria
Import point:
Barium swallow shows a web in the post cricoid region.
Q-113. Tensor of vocal cords is
a) Cricothyroid
b) Posterior crico-arytenoid
c) Lateral crico-arytenoid
d) Inter-arytenoid
Answer: Cricothyroid
Explanation:
Abductors of vocal cord: Posterior crico-arytenoid
Adductors of vocal cord:
Lateral crico-arytenoid
Inter-arytenoid (Transverse arytenoid)
Thyro-arytenoid (External part)
Tensors: Cricothyroid and vocalis (Internal part of Thyro-arytenoid)
Q-114. Nerve injured in fracture maxilla most commonly is
a) Supra-orbital
b) Infra-orbital
c) Zygomatico-temporal
d) Inferior alveolar
Answer: Infra-orbital
Explanation:
After the maxillary nerve enters the infra-orbital canal, the nerve is frequently called the infra-orbital nerve.
After a fracture of the floor of the orbit, the infra-orbital nerve may become trapped and injured.
Zygomatic and Le Fort II maxillary fractures are always accompanied by fractures of orbital floor.
Q-115. Orbital cellulitis most commonly follows infection of
a) Frontal sinus
b) Ethmoid sinus
c) Maxillary sinus
d) Sphenoid sinus
Answer: Ethmoid sinus
Explanation:
Orbital cellulitis most commonly occurs when infection spreads from the para-nasal sinuses, most often from the ethmoid sinus through the thin lamina papyracea of the medial orbital wall.
Q-116. Rhinosporiodosis is caused by
a) Protozoal infection
b) Viral infection
c) Bacterial infection
d) Fungal infection
Answer: Fungal infection
Explanation:
Rhinosporiodosis:
It is fungal granuloma caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi.
The disease is acquired through contaminated water of ponds also frequently by animals.
In nose, the disease presents as a leafy, polypoidal mass, pink to purple in color and attached to nasal septum or lateral wall.
The mass is very vascular and bleeds easily on touch.
Q-117. Epiglottis is caused by
a) H. influenzae
b) Para influenzae
c) Streptococcus
d) Staphylococcus
Answer: H. influenzae
Explanation:
Acute epiglottitis is an acute inflammatory condition confined to supra-glottic structures.
H. influenzae is most common organism responsible for acute epiglottitis in children.
Q-118. Nerve involved in Frey’s syndrome is
a) Lingual
b) Chorda tympani
c) Auriculo-temporal
d) Ethmoidal
Answer: Auriculo-temporal
Explanation:
Frey’s syndrome:
There is flushing and sweating of skin of parotid region during eating and from damage to the auriculo-temporal nerve often from surgery. It is seen after parotidectomy.
Q-119. Cerebello-pontine angle tumor is most commonly
a) Acoustic neuroma
b) Cholesteatoma
c) Meningioma
d) All of the above
Answer: Acoustic neuroma
Explanation:
Acoustic neuromas are intracranial, extra-axial tumors that arise from the Schwann cell sheath investing either the vestibular or cochlear nerve.
Acoustic neuroma constitutes 80 % of all Cerebello-pontine angle tumors and 10 % of all the brain tumors.
MRI with gadolinium contrast is the gold standard for diagnosis of Acoustic neuroma.
Surgical removal is treatment of choice.
Q-120. Dysphagia for fluid but not to solid is seen in
a) Stricture
b) Achalasia
c) Carcinoma esophagus
d) Reflux esophagitis
Answer: Achalasia
Explanation:
Achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder characterized by increased lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, diminished to absent peristalsis in the distal portion of the esophagus, and lack of a coordinated LES relaxation in response to swallowing.
Symptoms: Dysphagia which is more to liquid than solid and regurgitation of swallowed food particularly at night.
Barium swallow study demonstrating characteristics of achalasia, including the bird’s beak deformity and a dilated esophagus or dilated esophagus with narrowed rat tail lower end.
The treatment of choice: Modified Heller’s operation