Contraindications of bronchoscopy:
- Emergency bronchoscopy has no contraindication as it may be a life saving procedure
- Elective bronchoscopy may have the following contraindications
- General contraindication such as HT, DM, bleeding disorders, active infections
- Trismus
- Aortic aneurysm
- Cervical spine problems
- Active recent massive hemoptysis
- Metastatic involvement of cervical spine
- Pulmonary hypertension