The eye and ocular adnexa (eyelids, lacrimal system, conjunctiva) can be affected by a wide range of diseases. Here are some examples:
- Refractive errors: Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia are common refractive errors that affect the way light is focused on the retina, leading to blurry vision.
- Cataracts: A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye, which can cause blurry vision and glare.
- Glaucoma: Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, leading to vision loss and blindness.
- Age-related macular degeneration: This is a leading cause of blindness in older adults, characterized by the deterioration of the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision.
- Diabetic retinopathy: This is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision loss.
- Conjunctivitis: Also known as “pink eye,” this is an inflammation of the conjunctiva that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, allergies, or irritants.
- Blepharitis: This is an inflammation of the eyelids that can cause redness, swelling, and itching.
- Dry eye syndrome: This is a condition in which the eyes do not produce enough tears, causing dryness, irritation, and discomfort.
- Chalazion: A chalazion is a bump on the eyelid caused by a blocked oil gland.
- Hordeolum: Also known as a “stye,” this is an infection of an oil gland in the eyelid.
These are just a few examples of the many diseases and conditions that can affect the eye and ocular adnexa. Treatment options vary depending on the specific condition and may include medications, surgery, or other interventions. It’s important to seek prompt medical attention if you experience any changes in your vision or eye health.