in echolalia C- and R+ is there and person continuously speak same word but my question is how the person is speaking as lesion is non fluent
Echolalia is a speech disorder characterized by the repetition of words or phrases spoken by others. It can occur in individuals with certain neurological conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder or certain types of brain injury.
In the context of “C- and R+” (conditioned negative reinforcement and positive reinforcement), it suggests that the repetition of words or phrases in echolalia is influenced by environmental factors.
In conditioned negative reinforcement (C-), the repetition of words or phrases may serve as a way for the individual to escape or avoid an undesirable situation or stimulus. For example, if the person with echolalia is asked a question they don’t know how to answer, they may repeat the question instead of providing a different response as a means of avoiding the pressure or expectation to answer correctly.
On the other hand, in conditioned positive reinforcement (R+), the repetition of words or phrases may be reinforced by a positive response from others. For instance, if the person with echolalia repeats a word or phrase and receives attention, praise, or a desired reaction from others, they may be more likely to continue repeating it.
Regarding your observation about non-fluency in individuals with echolalia, it’s important to note that echolalia can manifest in different ways depending on the individual. While some individuals with echolalia may exhibit non-fluent speech or have difficulty with spontaneous and meaningful communication, others may display fluent echolalia, where they can repeat words or phrases with relative fluency despite having difficulty generating their own original speech.
It’s worth mentioning that the presence of echolalia does not necessarily imply that the person with the condition is incapable of producing any other form of speech or communication. They may have varying degrees of expressive language abilities and may be able to communicate effectively through other means, such as nonverbal cues, gestures, or alternative communication methods.