Matching is not required in which epidemiological study?

Matching is not required in which
epidemiological study?
a) Case control study
b) Cohort study
c) Case report
d) Randomized control trial
Correct Answer - C
Ans. is `c’ i.e., Case report
Case report:
In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms,
signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient.
Case reports may contain a demographic profile of the patient, but
usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence. Since it involves
information on single case it does not require matching.
Others i. e. case control study, cohort study and randomized control
trials are based on the comparative study of two groups.
To decrease the bias in the observations in the two groups under
consideration it is essential that the groups be matched for all the
characteristics except for the one under study. Thus matching is
essential in these epidemiological studies.