Maternal serum alpha fetoprotein is elevated in all except?

Maternal serum alpha fetoprotein is elevated in all except?

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) is a screening test used to assess the risk of certain fetal abnormalities, particularly neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. Elevated levels of MSAFP can indicate an increased risk of these conditions. However, MSAFP can also be elevated in certain other situations. Here are some conditions in which MSAFP may be elevated:

  1. Neural tube defects: Spina bifida and anencephaly are associated with elevated MSAFP levels. Therefore, if MSAFP is elevated, it suggests an increased risk of these conditions.
  2. Multiple gestation: When a woman is carrying multiple fetuses, such as twins or triplets, the MSAFP levels can be higher than normal.
  3. Fetal demise: In cases where the fetus has died, MSAFP levels may remain elevated.
  4. Incorrect gestational age: If the estimated gestational age used to calculate the MSAFP level is incorrect, it may result in an elevated MSAFP level.
  5. Placental abnormalities: Certain placental abnormalities, such as placental abruption or a large placenta, can lead to elevated MSAFP levels.
  6. Maternal factors: Some maternal factors, including advanced maternal age and maternal diabetes, can contribute to elevated MSAFP levels.

It’s important to note that an elevated MSAFP level does not definitively indicate the presence of a specific condition or abnormality. It is a screening test that requires further evaluation and additional diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound or amniocentesis, to confirm or rule out any potential abnormalities. A healthcare professional should interpret the MSAFP results in conjunction with other clinical information and perform any necessary follow-up investigations.