Which is most likely to represent a systemic finding in primary lung cancer rather than a finding related to localized spread of the cancer?
A) Hoarseness
B ) Pericardial effusion
C) Endogenous lipoid pneumonia
D) Hypercalcemia
Ans. D(Hypercalcemia)
Hypercalcemia is related to the ectopic secretion of a parathyroid hormone - like peptide and can be induced by a primary squamous cell carcinoma. Hypercalcemia is not a manifestation of local invasion. Hoarseness is associated with invasion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Malignant pericardial effusions are most commonly the result of direct spread from a primary lung cancer. Endogenous lipoid pneumonia is most commonly secondary to bronchial obstruction by a primary lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma or small cell carcinoma). Dysphagia for solids is caused by compression or invasion of the esophagus by cancer