SLOs and important topics for Respiratory physiology
Instructions:
· MK: Must know area. You should study this topic, should not ignored
· DK (desired to know area) and NK (Nice to know area), try to study this topic so that MCQs and VSAQs can be answered
· VSAQ carries 2 marks which can be asked along with LAQ
| Topics | Learning outcomes | Questions |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Introductions to RS | ||
| Structure of tracheobronchial tree, Generations of tracheobronchial tree, concept of dead space | MK | VSAQ, MCQ |
| Pleural cavity and intrapleural pressure | MK | Give the intrapleural pressure during inspiration and expiration. (VSAQ, MCQ) |
| Non-respiratory functions of lungs | MK | List the non-respiratory functions of lungs (SAQ, VSAQ & MCQ) |
| 2. lung surfactant and compliance | ||
| Surface tension | MK | Write the composition of lung surfactant? Describe the role of surfactant in lungs. |
| Role of surfactant in reducing surface tension | ||
| Composition of surfactant | ||
| Definition of compliance and normal value | MK | Define lung compliance. Give its normal range |
| Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome | DK | VSAQ |
| 3. Lung volume and capacities | ||
| Static lung volume and capacities and normal value (TV, IRV, ERV, RV, IC, EC, VC & TLC) | MK | (SAQ, VSAQ & MCQ) |
| Dynamic lung volume capacities and its normal range (FVC, FEV1/FVC) | MK | (SAQ, VSAQ & MCQ) |
| 4. Muscles of respiration & mechanism of breathing | ||
| Muscles for quite inspiration and expiration, forceful inspiration and expiration | MK | List the muscles for quite inspiration and expiration, forceful inspiration and expiration |
| Mechanism of breathing (Pump handle movement & bucket handle movement) | MK | Describe the Mechanism of breathing. |
| 5. Oxygen diffusion and transport | ||
| Diffusion of O2 in lung and tissue | MK | Write the partial pressure of O2 at lung and tissue level? (VSAQ & MCQ) |
| % transport of O2 as dissolved state and oxyhemoglobin | MK | Describe how oxygen is transported in blood. Add a note on Bohr’S effect (LAQ) |
| O2 Hb dissociation curve | ||
| Factors shifts curve to right and left | ||
| Bohr’s effect | ||
| 6. CO2 diffusion and transport | ||
| Diffusion of CO2 in lung and tissue | MK | Write the partial pressure of CO2 at lung and tissue level? (VSAQ & MCQ) |
| % transport of CO2 as dissolved, carbaminohemoglobin and bicarbonate | MK | Describe how oxygen is transported in blood. Add a note on Bohr’S effect (LAQ) |
| Mechanism of CO2 transport as bicarbonate form | ||
| Chloride and reverse chloride shift | ||
| Haldane effect | ||
| 7. Regulation respiration | ||
| Neural regulation | ||
| Respiratory centers (DRG, VRG, apneustic and pneumotaxic) functions | MK | List the respiratory centers. Describe neural regulation of respiration (LAQ) |
| Hering-breuer reflex | ||
| J receptor reflex | ||
| Lung irritant receptors | ||
| Chemical regulation of respiration | ||
| Central chemoreceptor | Describe the chemical regulation of respiration (LAQ) | |
| Peripheral chemoreceptor | ||
| 8. ventilation/perfusion ratio (VA/Q) ratio | ||
| Different zone of lung | NK | (VSAQ, MCQ) |
| Physiological deadspace & shunt | ||
| 9. Clinical aspects | ||
| Bronchial asthma | MK | VSAQ |
| Hypoxia (types, causes and treatment) | MK | SAQ |
| Pneumothorax |
Emphysema
Pulmonary edema|DK||