Targets for intervention in Spinal Cord Injury toward improved function have been identified using basic research approaches and can be simplified into a list: (1) reduction of edema and free-radical production, (2) rescue of neural tissue at risk of dying in secondary processes such as abnormally high extracellular glutamate concentrations, (3) control of inflammation, (4) rescue of neuronal/glial populations at risk of continued apoptosis, (5) repair of demyelination and conduction deficits, (6) promotion of neurite growth through improved extracellular environment, (7) cell replacement therapies, (8) efforts to bridge the gap with transplantation approaches, (9) efforts to retrain and relearn motor tasks, (10) restoration of lost function by electrical stimulation, and (11) relief of chronic pain syndromes.