A researcher studying the function of the hypothalamus ablates the supraoptic hypophyseal tract in laboratory rats. Which of the following processes will be impaired in these animals?
(A) Concentration of urine
- (A) Concentration of urine
- (B) Milk synthesis
- © Ovulation
- (D) Salt retention
- (E) Spermatogenesis
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Parents of an 18-month-old boy bring their child to their pediatrician as they are concerned about their son’s recurring skin and lung infections. Biopsy of one of the boy’s current skin lesions reveals the presence of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and scattered epithelioid cell granulomas. Culture of the lesion is positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Which of the following would best account for this patient’s condition?
- (A) absence of T-helper cell activity
- (B) adenosine deaminase enzyme deficiency
- © complement C3b opsonization abnormality
- (D) decreased hydrogen peroxide production
- (E) defective macrophage phagocytosis
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A 25-year-old man is referred to you because of hematuria. He noticed brief reddening of the urine with a recent respiratory infection. T he gross hematuria resolved, but
his physician found microscopic hematuria on two subsequent first-voided morning urine specimens. T he patient is otherwise healthy; he does not smoke. His blood pressure
is 114/72 and the physical examination is normal. T he urinalysis shows 2+ protein and 10 to 15 RBC/hpf, with some dysmorphic erythrocytes. No WBC or casts are seen.
What is the most likely cause of his hematuria?
- a. Kidney stone
- b. Renal cell carcinoma
- c. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
- d. Chronic prostatitis
- e. IgA nephropathy (Berger disease
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