Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the hand, becomes compressed or pinched as it travels through a narrow passageway in the wrist called the carpal tunnel. The carpal tunnel is made up of bones and ligaments, and it provides a pathway for the median nerve and the tendons that control movement in the fingers.
Common symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers, particularly the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers. Weakness in the hand and a tendency to drop objects may also occur.
The exact cause of carpal tunnel syndrome is not always clear, but it is often associated with repetitive hand movements, such as typing or assembly line work, that can lead to inflammation and swelling in the wrist. Other contributing factors include pregnancy, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and wrist injuries.
Treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome may involve splinting or bracing the wrist to keep it in a neutral position, which can help relieve pressure on the median nerve. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may also be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation. In some cases, corticosteroid injections or surgery may be recommended to relieve pressure on the median nerve and improve symptoms. Physical therapy and stretching exercises can also be beneficial in managing carpal tunnel syndrome.