Important view on diabeties
DKA is resolved when serum glucose is less than 200mg/dL, bicarbonate level is higher than or equal to 15mEq/L, pH is greater than 7.3, and anion gap is less than or equal to 12mEq/L
Use of metformin throughout pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has shown to reduce the rates of early pregnancy loss, preterm labor, and prevention of fetal growth restriction. Metformin has been shown to have encouraging effects on several metabolic aspects of polycystic ovarian syndrome, such as insulin sensitivity, plasma glucose concentration and lipid profile and since women with PCOS are more likely than healthy women to suffer from pregnancy-related problems like early pregnancy loss, gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive states in pregnancy, the use of metformin therapy in these patients throughout pregnancy may have beneficial effects on early pregnancy loss and development of gestational diabetes.
In adults with diabetes, perioperative hyperglycaemia can be managed by insulin therapy; continuous administration of insulin therapy can be given, if necessary.
Patients with T1DM should receive 80% of their baseline basal insulin dose, the evening before and the morning of the surgery to avoid hypoglycaemia.
Sucrose octasulfate dressing for 20 weeks along with standard care significantly improves wound closure in patients with neuroischaemic diabetic foot ulcers.
Normal saline should be used for initial resuscitation in diabetic ketoacidosis. If the serum potassium level is 3.3-4.5mmol/L, potassium replacement therapy can be started until the normal range is achieved.
In adults with cognitive dysfunction, once-daily oral incretin-based medications (i.e., DPP-4 inhibitors) are well tolerated and associated with a low risk of hypoglycaemia.
In patients with diabetes having acute MI, new generation drug-eluting stents which release Everolimus or Zotarolimus with cobalt- or platinum-chrome platforms can reduce the rate of major cardiovascular events.
For patients receiving enteral or parenteral feedings, a correctional dose of regular insulin should be administered subcutaneously every 6 hours or rapid-acting insulin at 4-hr intervals.