The superior temporal artery is one of the branches of the superficial temporal artery, which is a major branch of the external carotid artery. The external carotid artery is one of the two main arteries that supply blood to the head and neck.
Here are some key points about the superior temporal artery:
- Origin: The superficial temporal artery arises from the external carotid artery in the parotid gland region, usually near the neck of the mandible.
- Course: After its origin, the superficial temporal artery courses superiorly and anteriorly over the temporomandibular joint and the zygomatic arch, running within the superficial fascia of the scalp. As it ascends, it typically gives off several branches, including the superior temporal artery.
- Distribution: The superior temporal artery primarily supplies blood to the temporal region of the scalp, including the lateral and superior aspects of the head.
- Anastomoses: It often forms anastomoses (connections) with other arteries in the scalp, including the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery and branches of the occipital artery.
- Clinical Significance: Like other branches of the superficial temporal artery, the superior temporal artery can be involved in conditions such as temporal arteritis (also known as giant cell arteritis), which is characterized by inflammation of the arteries, typically affecting older adults and leading to symptoms such as headache, jaw pain, and vision changes.
Understanding the anatomy and course of the superficial temporal artery and its branches is important in various clinical procedures, such as temporal artery biopsy and surgical procedures involving the temporal region.