A 25 year old man presents with history of breathlessness. A transthoracic echo reveals a patent
foramen ovale. What diagnostic inv would you do for a patent foramen ovale?
- a. Transesophageal echo
- b. Bubble echo
- c. Transthoracic echo
- d. ECG
0 voters
Ans. The key is A. Transesophageal echo. [Bubble study can be done in conjunction with both transthoracic echocardiogram and trans-oesophageal echocardiogram. The presence of a patent foramen
ovale may be difficult to confirm by a transthoracic echocardiogram. So trans-oesophageal
echocardiogram is generally the most accurate available test for doctors to see a patent foramen ovale
by using the ultrasound in combination with color flow Doppler or a saline contrast study].
The body of a 65 year old man who was treated for TB and bronchitis was seen at autopsy. His
legs were swollen and his liver showed signs of a transudate fluid. What was the cause of the
transudate?
- a. Liver cirrhosis
- b. Alcoholic liver disease
- c. Cardiac failure
- d. Budd-chiari syndrome
- e. TB
0 voters
Ans. The key is C. Cardiac failure. [Chronic bronchitis is a well-known cause of congestive cardiac failure.
Leg oedema and transudative fluid in liver is suggestive of congestive cardiac failure].