Acanthosis Diffuse epidermal hyperplasia.
Dyskeratosis Abnormal, premature keratinization within cells
below the stratum granulosum.
Erosion Discontinuity of the skin showing incomplete loss
of the epidermis.
Exocytosis Infiltration of the epidermis by inflammatory cells.
Hydropic swelling
(ballooning)
Intracellular edema of keratinocytes, often seen in
viral infections.
Hypergranulosis Hyperplasia of the stratum granulosum, often due
to intense rubbing.
Hyperkeratosis Thickening of the stratum corneum, often
associated with a qualitative abnormality of the
keratin.
Lentiginous Linear pattern of melanocyte proliferation within
the epidermal basal cell layer.
Papillomatosis Surface elevation caused by hyperplasia and
enlargement of contiguous dermal papillae.
Parakeratosis Keratinization with retained nuclei in the stratum
corneum. On mucous membranes,
parakeratosis is normal.
Spongiosis Intercellular edema of the epidermis.
Ulceration Discontinuity of the skin marked by complete
loss of the epidermis revealing dermis or
subcutis.
Vacuolization Formation of vacuoles within or adjacent to cells;
often refers to basal cell–basement membrane
zone area.