Causes of apical fibrosis:
(By Drwalaa Hejazy)
‘TRASHE’
• TB
• Radiation
• Ankylosing spondylitis/ Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ABPA
• Sarcoidosis / Silicosis
• histoplasmosis/Histiocytosis X
• extrinsic allergic alveolitis (now referred to as hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
