Q-1. An auto-rickshaw ran over a child’s thigh and produced a mark of the tyre tracks. It is
a) Patterned bruise
b) Contact bruise
c) Imprint abrasion
d) Ectopic bruise
Answer: Imprint abrasion
Explanation:
Impact or contact or imprint abrasions:
They are caused by impact with rough object, when the force is applied at or near a right angle to skin surface.
Important point:
Impact abrasions and pressure abrasions reproduce the pattern of the object causing it and called patterned abrasions.
Q-2. A rickshaw puller found injured on roadside. On examination, found to have tyre marks on his body. What is this kind of injury? (AIIMS NOV 2010)
a) Patterned bruise
b) Imprint abrasion
c) Graze abrasion
d) Percolate bruise
Answer: Imprint abrasion
Explanation:
See above explanation.
Q-3. ‘Patterned’ abrasion is variety of: (AIIMS May 2005)
a) Linear abrasion
b) Pressure abrasion
c) Sliding abrasion
d) Superficial bruise
Answer: Pressure abrasion
Explanation:
See above explanation.
Q-4. Scab or crust of abrasion appears brown
a) Between 12-24 hours
b) Between 2-3 days
c) Between 4-5 days
d) Between 5-7 days
Answer: Between 2-3 days
Explanation:
Age of abrasion:
A fresh abrasion: Bright in color
12-24 hours: Scab forms, which is red in color
2-3 days: Scab turns reddish brown
4-7 days: Dark brown to brownish black scab, scab falls off
10 days: Complete healing
Q-5. Antemortem abrasions can be confused with
a) Eczema
b) Ant bite marks
c) Chemical burn
d) Joule burn
Answer: Ant bite marks
Explanation:
Postmortem ant bites on dead bodies may produce brown erosions with irregular margins of superficial layers of the skin which stimulate antemortem abrasion.
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Q-6. Lacerated wound has
a) Clean cut borders
b) Regular margin
c) Irregular margin
d) Tapered margin
Answer: Irregular margin
Explanation:
Characteristics of lacerated wound:
Irregular margins
Bruising in the skin or subcutaneous tissues around wound
Tissue Bridge
Q-7. In which part of body bruise are better felt than seen
a) Scalp
b) Palm
c) Sole
d) Buttocks
Answer: Scalp
Explanation:
If the part is vascular and loose, such as face, vulva and scrotum, a slight degree of violence may cause a large bruise, as there is sufficient space for blood to accumulate.
Resilient area such as abdominal wall and buttock bruise less.
Bruising is relatively more marked on tissue overlying bone.
Bruising of scalp is better felt than seen.
Important points:
Bruising of the scalp with fluctuant centres can simulate depressed fracture.
Chronic alcoholics bruise easily.
Q-8. Minor trauma leads to large bruise at which of these sites? (AIIMS MAY 2009)
a) Palms
b) Soles
c) Skull
d) Face
Answer: Face
Explanation:
If the part is vascular and loose, such as face, vulva, scrotum, a slight degree of violence may cause a large bruise as there is sufficient space for blood to accumulate.
Q-9. Lacerated wound resembles incised wound if it is present on:
a) Abdomen
b) Forehead
c) Thorax
d) Lower limbs
Answer: Forehead
Explanation:
Incised like or incised looking wounds:
Blunt force on areas where the skin is close to bone, and the subcutaneous tissues are scanty, may produce a wound which by linear splitting of the tissues, may look like incised wound.
The sites are the scalp, eye brows, check bones, lower jaw, iliac crest, perineum and shin.
Q-10. Flaying is seen in which type of laceration (AIIMS NOV 2011)
a) Tear
b) Avulsion
c) Split
d) Stretch
Answer: Avulsion
Explanation:
An avulsion is laceration produced by shearing force delivered at an acute angle to detach a portion of a traumatized surface or viscus from its attachments.
The shearing and grinding force by a weight, such as lorry wheel passing over a limb may produce separation of skin from the underling tissues (avulsion) over a relatively large area. This is known as flaying and is characteristically seen in avulsion laceration.
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Q-11. Split laceration is seen in
a) Blunt tangential impact
b) Blunt perpendicular impact
c) Horizontal crushing
d) Impact by sharp objects
Answer: Blunt perpendicular impact
Explanation:
Split lacerations:
Crushing of the skin and subcutaneous tissues between two hard objects, splits them, producing split lacerations (Perpendicular impact).
Stretch Lacerations:
Overstretching of the skin may tear it, producing a flap of skin in the direction of injury. It results due to tangential impact.
Avulsions: Horizontal crushing impact
Tears: Irregularly directed impact
Q-12. Tail of the wound tells abut
a) Size of wound
b) Age of wound
c) Direction of wound
d) Depth of wound
Answer: Direction of wound
Explanation:
Direction of incised wound:
Incised wounds are deeper at the beginning, because more pressure is exerted on the knife at this point. This is known as head of wound. Toward the end of cut the wound becomes increasingly shallow. This is known as the tailing of wound and indicates the direction in which the cut was made.
Q-13. Incisional wound on genital is seen commonly in: (AIIMS MAY 2010)
a) Accidents
b) Suicides
c) Homicides
d) Postmortem artifact
Answer: Homicides
Explanation:
Incised wounds on nose, ears, and genitals are usually homicidal.
Q-14. Incisional wound on genitalia is seen commonly in (AIIMS MAY 2009)
a) Homicidal
b) Suicidal
c) Accidental
d) Postmortem artifact
Answer: Homicidal
Explanation:
Incised wounds on nose, ears, and genitals are usually homicidal.
Q-15. Tentative cut is a feature of
a) Fall from the height
b) Homicidal assault
c) Accidental injury
d) Suicidal attempt
Answer: Suicidal attempt
Explanation:
Tentative cuts or hesitation marks or trail wounds:
They are cuts which are multiple, small and superficial often involving only the skin and are seen at the beginning of incised wound.
The site election of suicidal incised wound is throat, wrist and front of chest.
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Q-16. Hesitation cuts are seen in
a) Homicidal wounds
b) Suicidal wounds
c) Accidental wounds
d) Fabricated wounds
Answer: Suicidal wounds
Explanation:
Tentative cuts or hesitation marks or trail wounds:
They are cuts which are multiple, small and superficial often involving only the skin and are seen at the beginning of incised wound.
The site election of suicidal incised wound is throat, wrist and front of chest.
Q-17. Suicidal cut wound is characterized by the following
a) The direction of wound
b) Over accessible parts of body
c) Uses small weapons
d) All of the above
Answer: All of the above
Explanation:
Suicidal cut wound or self inflicted wounds:
Multiple and parallel
Uniform depth and directional
Relatively minor
Tentative cuts or hesitation marks or trail wounds:
They are cuts which are multiple, small and superficial often involving only the skin and are seen at the beginning of incised wound.
The site election of suicidal incised wound is throat, wrist and front of chest.
Q-18. Term Hara Kiri used for knife applied (AIIMS NOV 2014)
a) Over head and neck
b) Over the abdomen
c) Over chest and wrist
d) Over wrist
Answer: Over the abdomen
Explanation:
Hara kiri most often refers to a form of seppuku (“stomach-cutting”, “abdomen-cutting”).
Seppuku is a form of Japanese ritual suicide.
Q-19. Double base smokeless gun powder contains (AIIMS NOV 2012)
a) Nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine
b) Potassium nitrate and nitroglycerine
c) Potassium nitrate and charcoal
d) Nitrocellulose and sulphur
Answer: Nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine
Explanation:
Smokeless powder:
Single base: Nitrocellulose
Double base: Nitrocellulose plus nitroglycerine
Triple base: Nitrocellulose plus nitroglycerine plus nitro-guanidine
Double base smokeless gun powder contains nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine.
Q-20. Nitro-guanidine is a component of
a) Black gum powder
b) Single base smokeless gunpowder
c) Double base smokeless gunpowder
d) Triple base smokeless gun powder
Answer: Triple base smokeless gun powder
Explanation:
Smokeless powder:
Single base: Nitrocellulose
Double base: Nitrocellulose plus nitroglycerine
Triple base: Nitrocellulose plus nitroglycerine plus nitro-guanidine
Important point:
Semi-smokeless powder: 80 % Black and 20 % smokeless powder
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Q-21. Which of the following bullets leaves a visible mark, so that a person can see it?
a) Tandem bullet
b) Tracer bullet
c) Dum-dum bullet
d) Incendiary bullet
Answer: Tracer bullet
Explanation:
Tracer bullet leaves a visible mark or trace while in flight so that gunner can observe the strike of the shot.
Q-22. Destructive power of bullet is determined by: (AIIMS MAY 2010)
a) Weight of bullet
b) Shape of bullet
c) Size of bullet
d) Velocity of bullet
Answer: Velocity of bullet
Explanation:
A bullet’s ability to injure is directly related to it kinetic energy at the movement of impact.
Kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass of bullet and square of its velocity.
Q-23. Destructive power of bullet is determined by (AIIMS MAY 2009)
a) Weight of bullet
b) Shape of bullet
c) Size of bullet
d) Velocity of bullet
Answer: Velocity of bullet
Explanation:
A bullet’s ability to injure is directly related to it kinetic energy at the movement of impact.
Kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass of bullet and square of its velocity.
Q-24. Damage caused by bullet depends upon
a) Size
b) Weight
c) Velocity
d) Shape
Answer: Velocity
Explanation:
A bullet’s ability to injure is directly related to it kinetic energy at the movement of impact.
Kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass of bullet and square of its velocity.
Q-25. In firearm injury, entry-wound blackening is due to
a) Flame
b) Hot gases
c) Smoke
d) Unburned powder
Answer: Smoke
Explanation:
Entry-wound blackening is due to fine particles in smoke and tattooed by un-burnt or partially burnt granules.
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Q-26. Stellate wound may be seen in which of the following bullet entry wounds?
a) Contact wound
b) Close shot
c) Distance shot
d) Two feet distance
Answer: Contact wound
Explanation:
Stellate wound may result from contact shots. The entrance wound may be star shaped or stellate with laceration over skin radiating outward from the entrance hole. Marginal abrasion may be seen between lacerations.
Q-27. Rat hole is associated with which injury (AIIMS MAY 2015)
a) Postmortem artifact
b) Firearm
c) Razor blade
d) None
Answer: Firearm
Explanation:
Intermediate range wound from shotgun:
Wound of entry is irregular with ragged margin (Rat-hole injury) with satellite perforation at the margin of the main defect.
Q-28. A bullet which fails to leave the gun on firing but is ejected out with the subsequent shot is (AIIMS May 2002)
a) Dum-Dum Bullet
b) Tandem Bullet
c) Rocketing Bullet
d) Ricochet bullet
Answer: Tandem Bullet
Explanation:
Tandem Bullet: The phenomenon is observed when a bullet gets lodged inside the barrel and receives a kick on its base by the nose of another bullet fired subsequently. The impact results in the transfer of kinetic energy. The striking bullet loses kinetic energy whereas the lodged bullet gains kinetic energy.
Ricochet bullet: Strikes an intervening object first and then rebounds/ ricochets towards target.
Yawning bullet: Travel in an irregular fashion and produces key-hole entry wound
Dumdum bullet: A jacketed bullet with its nose cut off and it expands on impact.
Souvenir bullet: If a bullet is left in body for long time it gets surrounded by fibrous tissue and is called as souvenir bullet.
Wad cutter bullet: Square nosed, soft metal bullet used primarily for target shooting as in rifle
Hallow point or express bullet: Designed to expands or mushrooms on impact
Q-29. Maximum tissue damage is done by
a) Tandem bullet
b) Ricochet bullet
c) Dum-dum bullet
d) Wad cutter bullet
Answer: Dum-dum bullet
Explanation:
Dumdum bullet: A jacketed bullet with its nose cut off and it expands or mushrooms on impact.
Important point:
A bullet’s ability to injure is directly related to it kinetic energy at the movement of impact.
Kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass of bullet and square of its velocity.
Q-30. Frangible bullets are made up of
a) Rubber
b) Lead
c) Non toxic metals
d) Teflon
Answer: Non toxic metals
Explanation:
Frangible bullets completely disintegrate and made up of iron which fragments on impact.
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Q-31. In a firearm injury there is burning, blackening, tattooing around the wound along with cherry red color of the surrounding tissues and is cruciate in shape, the injury is
a) Close shot entry
b) Close contact exit
c) Contact shot entry
d) Distant shot entry
Answer: Close shot entry
Explanation:
Contact shot:
The discharges from muzzle are blown into the tract taken by the bullet.
Consequently, there may be no burning, no soot and no tattooing around the entrance wound.
No abraded color and grease collar
Stellate wound may result from contact shots.
The entrance wound may be star shaped or stellate with laceration over skin radiating outward from the entrance hole.
Marginal abrasion may be seen between lacerations.
Close shot entry:
Burning, soot and tattooing around the entrance wound present
Presence of abraded collar/ Grease or dirt collar
Carboxy-hemoglobin is present in wound tract imparting cherry red color of surrounding tissue.
Entrance wound is circular with inverted margins
Q-32. Caliber in rifle firearm means (AIIMS NOV 2014)
a) Distance between two diagonally opposed groves
b) Distance between two diagonally opposed lands
c) Distance between one land and opposite groove
d) None of the above
Answer: Distance between two diagonally opposed lands
Explanation:
It is measured by internal dimension of the barrel.
The dimension of the rifled weapon is measured between a pair of diametrically opposed lands and not grooves.
Q-33. Caliber of fire arm is
a) Distance between land and groove
b) Distance between two lands
c) Distance between two grooves
d) None
Answer: Distance between two lands
Explanation:
It is measured by internal dimension of the barrel.
The dimension of the rifled weapon is measured between a pair of diametrically opposed lands and not grooves.
Q-34. Choking is seen in- (AIIMS MAY 2012)
a) Revolver
b) Pistol
c) Shotgun
d) Rifle
Answer: Shotgun
Explanation:
When the entire barrel from breech to muzzle of shotgun is of the same diameter, it is called cylinder bore. In choke bore the distal end of barrel is narrow.
The choking lessens the rate of spread of shot after it leaves the muzzle, increases the explosive force and increase the velocity.
Q-35. Choking is seen in (AIIMS NOV 2012)
a) Revolver
b) Pistol
c) Shotgun
d) Rifle
Answer: Shotgun
Explanation:
When the entire barrel from breech to muzzle of shotgun is of the same diameter, it is called cylinder bore. In choke bore the distal end of barrel is narrow.
The choking lessens the rate of spread of shot after it leaves the muzzle, increases the explosive force and increase the velocity.
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Q-36. In which of the following weapons empty cartridge case is ejected after firing? (AIIMS NOV 2003)
a) Shot gun
b) Revolver
c) Pistol
d) Rifle
Answer: Pistol
Explanation:
Automatic pistol:
It is a hand arm in which the cartridge is loaded directly in chamber of barrel.
When cartridge is fired, the empty cartridge falls on ground and a new cartridge slips into the breech automatically by a spring.
Q-37. In tandem bullet, the number of bullet/bullets coming out of the gun is/are (AIIMS NOV 2007)
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: 2
Explanation:
Tandem Bullet: The phenomenon is observed when a bullet gets lodged inside the barrel and receives a kick on its base by the nose of another bullet fired subsequently.
The impact results in the transfer of kinetic energy. The striking bullet loses kinetic energy whereas the lodged bullet gains kinetic energy.
Q-38. A man was found with suicidal shot on right temple. The gun was in his right hand. The skull was burst open. There was charring and cherry red coloration in the track inside. What can be said about shot? (AIIMS MAY 2012)
a) Contact Shot
b) Close shot at a distance of one foot from hand
c) Shot within range of smoking
d) Shot within range of tattooing
Answer: Contact Shot
Explanation:
In contact wounds, the barrel or muzzle is in actual contact with the skin or clothing.
In a tight contact wound, all materials (bullet, gases, soot, the incompletely burned pieces of gunpowder, and metal fragments) are driven into the wound.
These wounds can vary from a small hole with seared blackened edges from the discharge of hot gases and an actual flame to a gaping stellate wound.
There is burning, blackening and an abraded contused margin around wound of entrance.
When small caliber pistols are used, the wound may be small and irregular. The muscle around the track of bullet may be bright pink due to presence of carbon monoxide.
Large wounds occur when the injected hot gases cause the skin to expand until it stretches and tears. These tears will have a triangular shape, with the base of the triangle overlying the entrance wound.
Q-39. Dirt collar is seen in
a) Fire arm entry wound
b) Fire arm exit wound
c) Both of the above
d) None of the above
Answer: Fire arm entry wound
Explanation:
Abrasion color:
The skin is abraded around the entry wound due to rubbing of the gyrating body of the bullet against the inverted epidermis and heat of the bullet.
Dirt color:
A black colored ring grease or dirt color (Bullet wipe soiling) is seen as a narrow ring of skin lining the defect and is sharply outlined.
- Beveling of the skull is seen in the
a) Broad end of the entry point in bullet injury
b) Narrow end of the entry point in bullet injury
c) Exit point of bullet
d) Depressed fracture of the skull
Answer: Broad end of the entry point in bullet injury
Explanation:
Bullet injury: Skull
Wound of entrance shows a punched in (Clean) hole in the outer table. The inner-table is unsupported and a cone shaped piece of bone is detached forming a crater that is larger than the hole on the outer table, and show beveling (Sloping surface).
At point of exit, a punched out opening is produced in the inner-table and beveled opening on the outer table.
Important points:
The exit wound is larger due to deformity and tumbling of bullet after entering the skull.
Asymmetry of the beveling is useful in assessing the angle of fire.
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Q-41. In exit wound which of the following is seen
a) Inverted margins
b) Beveled outer table
c) Dirt collar
d) Tattooing
Answer: Beveled outer table
Explanation:
Bullet injury: Skull
Wound of entrance shows a punched in (Clean) hole in the outer table. The inner-table is unsupported and a cone shaped piece of bone is detached forming a crater that is larger than the hole on the outer table, and show beveling (Sloping surface).
At point of exit, a punched out opening is produced in the inner-table and beveled opening on the outer table.
Important points:
The exit wound is larger due to deformity and tumbling of bullet after entering the skull.
Asymmetry of the beveling is useful in assessing the angle of fire.
Q-42. Autopsy was performed on a case of accidental death which shows two linear parietal fractures joining in midline. Which rule is used to determine that which fracture-line has occurred before the second one? (AIIMS NOV 2015)
a) Young’s rule
b) Puppe’s rule
c) Ashley’s rule
d) Mc Naughten’s rule
Answer: Puppe’s rule
Explanation:
Puppe’s Rule:
Puppe’s rule help assess the chronological order in which fractures were formed, since later fractures will typically stop at previously formed ones. The short fracture lines from the exit wound stop at the previously formed entrance wound fractures.
Important point:
Puppe’s rule states that an extending fracture line will cease if it meets a preexisting fracture or suture line.
It can determine the sequence of shots, when several bullets have struck the cranium.
Q-43. If a victims’ gunshot entry and exit wound are not properly distinguishable during post-mortem due to corrective surgery, it is known as: (AIIMS MAY 2013)
a) Kennedy phenomenon
b) McNaughton phenomenon
c) Ricochet phenomenon
d) Alec Jeffrey phenomenon
Answer: Kennedy phenomenon
Explanation:
Kennedy phenomenon is surgical intervention of firearm wound resulting in an artefact and hence rendering the wound difficult to interpret during autopsy as happened in Kennedy’s case.
Surgical intervention may make interpretation of gunshot wounds difficult as a result of obliteration or alteration of wounds.
Q-44. A case of murder with gunshot is reported. A metal bullet is recovered from the body. Primary and Secondary markings on a metal bullet can be used for (AIIMS MAY 2012)
a) Identification of weapon
b) To know the range of firing
c) Severity of tissue damage
d) To know time of crime
Answer: Identification of weapon
Explanation:
A ballistic fingerprint is the unique pattern of markings left by a specific firearm on ammunition it has discharged.
Primary markings:
With all rifled fire arms, the bullet is slightly larger than the barrel, and as it passes through barrel, its side is marked by rifling of barrel and cause the bullet to rotate.
Secondary markings:
The surface of bullet is also grooved by irregularities on inner surface of barrel itself which are specific for that particular weapon.
Q-45. Gun powder in a cloth can be best seen by
a) Infrared rays
b) Magnifying lens
c) X-ray
d) UV rays
Answer: Infrared rays
Explanation:
Infrared spectra can provide a total chemical picture of the weapon and gunpowder from different manufacturers and suppliers, for example, may have different chemical formulations.
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Q-46. Gunshot residue on hands can be detected by: (AIIMS NOV 2005)
a) Phenolphthalein test
b) Dermal nitrate test
c) Benzidine test
d) Hydrogen activation analysis
Answer: Dermal nitrate test
Explanation:
Paraffin Test:
This chemical test is also known as the dermal nitrate test or diphenylamine test.
In this procedure, the hands of the suspect are coated with a layer of paraffin. After cooling, the paraffin casts are removed and treated with an acidic solution of diphenylamine.
This solution detects two polyatomic ions (nitrites and nitrates) that originate from gunpowder or primer.
A positive test produces blue flecks in the paraffin in response to deposits on the hands of the shooter.
Q-47. All of the following method used for detecting heavy metals except
a) Harrison & Gilroy test
b) Paraffin test
c) Neutron activation analysis
d) Atomic adsorption spectroscopy
Answer: Paraffin test
Explanation:
Paraffin test or dermal nitrate test: Nitrate using diphenylamine reagent
Harrison & Gilroy test: Antimony, barium and lead
Neutron activation analysis: Antimony and copper
Atomic adsorption spectroscopy: Antimony, barium and copper in gunshot residue
Q-48. Gun powder residues can be detected by
a) Benzidine test
b) Barberio test
c) Dermal nitrate test
d) Hydrostatic test
Answer: Dermal nitrate test
Explanation:
Dermal nitrate test or paraffin test:
It detects gun powder residue (Nitrate and nitrite)
Important point:
Infrared spectra can provide a total chemical picture of the weapon and gunpowder from different manufacturers and suppliers, for example, may have different chemical formulations.
Q-49. In bomb blast, all injuries can occur except (AIIMS NOV 2015)
a) Bruise
b) Fracture
c) Abrasions
d) Laceration
Answer: Fracture
Explanation:
A person can be injured by an explosion due to disruptive effect, burns and air blast.
Triad of bruises, abrasions and puncture lacerations with tattooing of part of the body indicate bomb explosion.
Death may result from multiple injuries, burns, shock or cerebral air embolism.
Important point:
Explosive force declines rapidly.
Explosive force is highly directional.
Q-50. Blast near-by Delhi two persons died. Which is not true? (AIIMS MAY 2015)
a) Injuries due to burns or air blast
b) Force of explosion decrease rapidly
c) Force of explosion is directional
d) Abrasion, bruise and fracture are triad of explosion
Answer: Abrasion, bruise and fracture are triad of explosion
Explanation:
A person can be injured by an explosion due to disruptive effect, burns and air blast.
Triad of bruises, abrasions and puncture lacerations with tattooing of part of the body indicate bomb explosion.
Death may result from multiple injuries, burns, shock or cerebral air embolism.
Explosive force declines rapidly.
Explosive force is highly directional.
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Q-51. Commonest organ to be injured in primary blast injuries is
a) Lung
b) Liver
c) Spleen
d) Skin
Answer: Lung
Explanation:
Primary injuries are caused by blast overpressure waves, or shock waves.
The ears are most often affected by the overpressure, followed by the lungs and the hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
Important points:
Gastrointestinal injuries may present after a delay of hours or even days.
Pulmonary baro-trauma is the most common fatal primary blast injuries.
Homogenous solid tissues like liver and muscles are usually not affected by primary blast injuries.
Q-52. Most common organ affected in blast injury
a) Liver
b) Lungs
c) Nervous tissue
d) Skeletal system
Answer: Lungs
Explanation:
Primary injuries are caused by blast overpressure waves, or shock waves.
The ears are most often affected by the overpressure, followed by the lungs and the hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
Important points:
Gastrointestinal injuries may present after a delay of hours or even days.
Pulmonary baro-trauma is the most common fatal primary blast injuries.
Homogenous solid tissues like liver and muscles are usually not affected by primary blast injuries.
Q-53. Molotov cocktail is
a) Incendiary weapon
b) Contains alcohol and coke
c) Used for HIV treatment
d) Combination of drugs used by coke addicts
Answer: Incendiary weapon
Explanation:
A Molotov cocktail also known as a petrol bomb or poor man’s grenade is incendiary bomb which is thrown by the hand.
In a crude type of this bomb, a bottle is filled with gasoline and a rag to serve as a wick.
They are frequently used by street criminals, protesters and non-professionally equipped fighters in riots, gang warfare, and urban guerrilla warfare.
Q-54. Molotov cocktail is
a) Petrol bomb
b) Alcohol+ cocaine
c) Used for treatment of HIV
d) Same as fruit cocktail
Answer: Petrol bomb
Explanation:
See above explanation.
Q-55. Scab or crust of abrasion appears brown
a) Between 12- 24 hours
b) Between 2-3 days
c) Between 4-5 days
d) Between 5-7 days
Answer: Between 2-3 days
Explanation:
Age of abrasion:
A fresh abrasion: Bright in color
12-24 hours: Scab forms, which is red in color
2-3 days: Scab turns reddish brown
4-7 days: Dark brown to brownish black scab, scab falls off
10 days: Complete healing
Q-56. FG, FFG, FFFG… used to describe
a) Primer
b) Cartridge
c) Black gunpowder
d) Wadding
e) Base of firearms
Answer: Black gunpowder
Explanation:
Black powder consists of potassium nitrate 75 %, sulphur 10 % and charcoal 15 %. It is designated as FG, FFG, FFFG etc., depending on size of the grain.
Important point:
The more number of Fs, the finer are grains and faster in burning.
Q-57. Black gun powder made of
a) Potassium nitrate
b) Charcoal
c) Sulphur powder
d) Cellulose nitrate
e) Barium sulfate
Answer: a, b and c
Explanation:
See above explanation.
Q-58. False about bruise
a) Much darker at point of contact/ pressure
b) Blood is present in vessel and can be easily washed away
c) Seen at/ around the area of injury
d) Extra-vasation of blood occurs
e) Produced by blunt object
Answer: Much darker at point of contact/ pressure and Blood is present in vessel and can be easily washed away
Explanation:
A contusion or bruise is an extra-vasation of blood in tissues due to rupture of blood vessels (Venules and arterioles) caused by blunt trauma.
Important points:
Bruises may be seen in association with abrasions or lacerations and usually situated in corium and subcutaneous tissues, often in fat layer.
Margins of bruise are irregular and not horizontal.
Q-59. Differentiating features of contusion versus postmortem staining are
a) Bluish in color
b) Disappear on pressure area
c) Margin irregular
d) Limited to intravascular compartment
e) Extra-vasation of blood occurs
Answer: a, c and e
Explanation:
See above explanation.
Q-60. Tentative cuts are seen in
a) Homicidal wound
b) Suicidal wound
c) Rail track accidental wound
d) Road traffic accident
Answer: Suicidal wound
Explanation:
Tentative cuts or hesitation marks or trail wounds:
They are cuts which are multiple, small and superficial often involving only the skin and are seen at the beginning of incised wound.
The site election of suicidal incised wound is throat, wrist and front of chest.