Dear students,
Posting a few Ophthalmology questions with short explanations from the recent JIPMER examination.These are recalled questions from students who have taken the exam, hence a few discrepancies are inevitable.My apologies for the same
Question 1
Most vital layer of the cornea
- 1.Epithelium
- 2.Descemet’s membrane
- 3.Bowman’s membrane
- 4.Endothelium
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Answer: Endothelium, because its pump activity helps to maintain the cornea in a state of dehydration and is very important for its transparency.
Question 2
Treatment of Exudative ARMD
- 1.Pars plana vitrectomy
- 2.Intravitreal Ranibizumab
- 3Anti-oxidants
- 4.Grid photocoagulation
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Answer: Intravitreal Ranibizumab is an anti- VEGF used in the treatment of Wet or Exudative Age Related Macular Degeneration.Intravitreal steroids and Photodynamic therapy are other treatment options for Exudative ARMD
Anti- oxidants are used in Dry or Non- exudative ARMD.
Question 3
Cause of blindness in trachoma
1.Follicles
2.Pannus
3.Corneal opacity
4.Tarsal scarring
Answer: Simple question.Corneal opacity is the answer.
Question 4
True statement about HCQ is
1.Deposition in the cornea leading to drug induced keratopathy
2.Toxic dose is 7.5mg/kg/day leading to ocular damage
3.Regular Ophthalmic examination should be done every 5 years
4.Damage to retinal ganglion cells leading to Bull’s Eye Maculopathy
Answer.Not very sure if the options have been recalled correctly but from these options, the best answer is 4
HCQ induced retinal toxicity is seen mainly due to binding of the drug to the melanin in the RPE and also direct toxicity to the retinal ganglion cells.Starts as RPE mottling in the macula and leads to Bull’s Eye Maculopathy
Risk factors
- A.Daily dose exceeding 400mg or 6.5mg/kg/day
- B.Duration of therapy more than 5 years
- C.Co- existing hepatic or renal disease
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Evaluation by Ophthalmic examination, Perimetry, OCT macula recommended as baseline and preferably every 6 months.