Reliable sonographic indicators of pregnancy loss include:

1 Reliable sonographic indicators of pregnancy loss include:

  • A Mean sac diameter minus crown–rump length of 20 mm or less (prior to 9 weeks’ gestation)
  • B Mean yolk sac diameter of 3 mm or greater
  • C Mean sac diameter of 8 mm or more without a demonstrable yolk sac using high-resolution ultrasound
  • D Mean sac diameter of 8 mm or more without a demonstrable embryo using high-resolution ultrasound

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2 Three or more pregnancy losses (recurrent pregnancy loss, RPL) occur in XX% of couples:

  • A 0.5–1.0%
  • B 1.0–2.0%
  • C 3–5%
  • D 8–10%

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13 Generally accepted causes of RPL include all of the following except:

  • A Balanced paternal chromosomal abnormalities
  • B Antiphospholipid syndrome
  • C Alloimmune thrombocytopenia
  • D Uterine abnormalities

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4 Parental structural abnormalities occur in XX% of couples with RPL:

  • A 1–2%
  • B 3–5%
  • C 6–8%
  • D 10–12%

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5 All of the following are true about luteal phase defect (LPD) except:

  • A It is often present in women with normal pregnancy
  • B It is reported in 25–40% of women with RPL
  • C It may be diagnosed with endometrial biopsy or serum progesterone determination
  • D Testing is consistent from month to month in a given individual

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