A subgaleal hemorrhage is a medical condition characterized by bleeding into the potential space between the skull periosteum (the membrane covering the bone) and the scalp galea aponeurosis (a layer of the scalp). This condition typically occurs in infants, especially newborns, and is often associated with trauma during delivery. It can result from the use of vacuum extractors or forceps during childbirth or from other types of head trauma.
Subgaleal hemorrhages can be serious because they can lead to significant blood loss and potential complications such as anemia, hypovolemic shock, or even death if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Symptoms may include swelling or a soft mass on the baby’s head, pallor, irritability, or lethargy.
Diagnosis is usually made based on physical examination findings, but imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scans may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of bleeding. Treatment typically involves supportive measures such as blood transfusions if necessary, monitoring for signs of increased intracranial pressure, and close observation for complications.
Overall, subgaleal hemorrhage is a rare but potentially serious condition that requires prompt recognition and appropriate management to prevent complications and ensure the best possible outcome for the affected infant.