True about apoptosis -
a) Increase in lysosomal enzyme
b) Increase in caspases
c) Phosphatidyl serine has important role
d) Internucleosomal cleavage of nucleus
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- abc
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- acd
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- bcd
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- bd
0 voters
exp:
- The process of apoptosis is often accompanied by generation of reactive oxygen species, which bring about rapid oxidation of the fatty acids in phosphatidylserine before this lipid is externalized.
- Indeed, it is now apparent that only molecular species of phosphatidylserine with an oxidatively truncated sn-2 acyl group that incorporates terminal gamma-hydroxyl (or oxo)- alpha, beta,-unsaturated acyl moieties are recognised by scavenger receptors in macrophages as a prerequisite for engulfment of apoptotic cells.
- Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid component, usually kept on the inner-leaflet (the cytosolic side) of cell membranes by an enzyme called filppase. When a cell undergoes apoptotic cell death phosphatidylserine is no longer restricted to the cytosolic part of the membrane, but becomes exposed on the surface of the cell.
- “During normal emb;yogenesis, programmed cell death is performed by apoptosis and autophagy. CASPASES and ICE are intracellular proteases whose function is to digest cells during the apoptotic cascade, whereas P53, MDM-2, BCL-2 & BAX act as transcription factor. Decreased apoptosis can result in abnormal structures like webbed digits (cutaneous syndactly) that result when the interdigital skin webs are not absorbed.”–Potter’s pathology of the fetus, infant & child 3rd/e pg 33.
- The apoptotic cell exhibit a characteristic breakdown of DNA into large 50 to 500 Kb pieces. Subsequently, there is internucleosomal cleavage of DNA into oligonucleosomes by Ca2+ and Mg2+ dependent endonuclease.